By R. Chalmers
The writing of this ebook used to be triggered by way of the necessity for a complete of present facts on natural acids appropriate for either rookies and assortment tested researchers during this box. the single past textual content of the sort was once the wonderful evaluate through Nordmann and Nordmann (1961), and at the moment the most approach to research used to be paper chromatography with liquid chromatography getting used in a restricted approach. purely 3 illnesses during which natural acids gather have been identified (primary hyperoxaluria, phenylketonuria and alcaptonuria). in view that then, with the advance of gasoline chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the additional improvement ofliquid chromatography, wisdom about the nature of the natural acids in physiological fluids has been significantly prolonged. whilst, the variety of natural acidurias has elevated dramatically, there being now a few 40-50 recognized ailments of this sort. in the past 15 years or so, there were a number of experiences, facing both particular illnesses or teams of illnesses (Gompertz, 1972, 1974; Tanaka, 1975), or featuring the complaints of symposia (Stern and Toothill, 1972) or workshops (Marner et al. , 1974). This current textual content offers comprehensively and intimately with the natural acids in human physiological fluids in well-being and in ailment states, and is very fascinated about the equipment invaluable for his or her separation, selection and indentification.
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Extra resources for Organic Acids in Man: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Diagnosis of the Organic Acidurias
Sample text
COOH + CH 3 0H HCI or BF 3 .. , 1961; Kuksis and Prioreschi, 1967; Hautala and Weaver, 1969 (Fig. 1)], in some cases by qirect reaction with acids adsorbed on alumina during their extraction [Alcock, 1965; De Silva, 1971 (Fig. , 1961). , 1966; Rumsey and Noller, 1966; Greer and Williams, 1967 (Fig. 3); Hagenfeldt, 1968; Zaura and Metcoff, 1969 (Fig. , 1971; Gompertz and Draffan, 1972], problems in their use became more apparent. Most of these workers employed an ethereal solution of diazomethane as the esterification reagent, the diazomethane being generated from a precursor compound, such as nitrosomethylurea or N-methyl-N-nitroso-N-nitroguanidine * , by alcoholic alkali.
Levels of acids in whole blood differ from those in plasma or serum and for most work, blood plasma is the most convenient for use, although whole blood has also been employed (Hagenfeldt, 1968). Serum obtained from clotted blood may give erroneous results since during the time required for the blood to clot, changes in the levels and composition of the organic acids can occur. Heparin is the most useful anticoagulant and sodium heparin tubes rather than heparin solutions are recommended (Perry and Jellum, 1974).
Reagents are generally handled by means of glass syringes, the reagents being supplied in multi-dose bottles to avoid hydrolysis during storage. Reactions are rapid at room temperature with organic acids and silylacetamide reagents while those with HMDS and TMCS or their combination (preferred ratio 2:1) may require heating to facilitate reaction. Dalgliesh et al. (1966) showed with citric acid complete reaction at 65°C with HMDS alone or at room temperature with the addition of pyridine, although the reaction was more rapid with addition of TMCS.