By Alvin H. Sacks Ph.D. (auth.), Daniel J. Schneck (eds.)
The division of Engineering technology and Hechanics at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and kingdom collage spon sored the 1st Mid-Atlantic convention on Bio-Fluid Mechanics, which was once held in Blacksburg, Virginia in the course of the interval Sept. 11 August 1978. a few forty life-scientists, engineers, physicians and others who proportion a typical curiosity within the development of easy and utilized wisdom in bio fluid mechanics accrued on the Donaldson Brown middle for carrying on with schooling to listen to 25 papers awarded in seven technical classes. on the end of the convention, these current made up our minds unanimously that its good fortune warranted having no less than yet another -- and that it used to be conceptually a legitimate proposal to plot it on a biennial foundation for past due spring. as a result, the second one Mid-Atlantic convention on Bio Fluid Mechanics came about at Virginia Tech on may possibly 4-6, 1980. This quantity records the court cases of the second one convention. It comprises complete texts of 23 contributed papers, 2 visitor lectures and 1 invited seminar. The papers are gr9uped in line with material, starting with three within the quarter of breathing, by means of 1 in kidney dialysis, 1 in copy, 1 in joint lubrication, 1 in prosthetic fluidics, 2 in zoology, and finishing with 14 within the common box of cardiovascular dynamics. Of the latter, five take care of the topic of middle valves, 2 crisis themselves with the microcirculation, 6 handle vascular process hemodynamics and 1 covers a few points of blood rheology.
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51 Mate,Ag e49 w ~ n:: I . x I . ~~ X Subject l Dynamic Lung Resistan ce versus Gas Volume Exhaled and Mean Unidirec tional Flow WILLIS G. DOWNING, JR. 26 a) SLOW EXHALATION --x-- Unidirectional Flow --o- Sinusoidal Flow 12 8 4 ........ 57 . SeC) b) FAST EXHALATION (maximal) Ref. 931 Female, Age 38 w 0 z i=! 6 . 23 MEAN UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW (t/sec) I II III IV V VI VII Vlll IX X TENTH VOLUME RANGES EXHALED Figure 5. 009 1. 862 rejected t{(Resista nce to Unidirecti onal Flow) - (Resistanc e to Sinusoidal Flow)} .
ABSTRACT This paper reports an experimental effort to determine the work of breathing caused by resistance to flow through the branching bronchial tree of the human lung. The earliest attempts to quantify this resistance employed the assumption of laminar Poiseuille flow through the bronchi which led to values much lower than expected from clinical tests. More recently, the observation of vortices in models of bronchial flow has resulted in the suggestion that the pressure drop relation for turbulent flow might be more appropriate even though the flow remains laminar.
Expressions for the total viscous pressure drop across the lung and viscous resistance of each order of bronchi are developed which agree reasonably well with the small amount of human data available. The pressure drop is sho\vn to be greater than would be predicted by a laminar flow model but less than that for fully turbulent flow. REFERENCES 1. Comroe, H. : Physiology of Respiration, Chap. , Chicago, 1974. 2. : Der Stromungswiderstand in den menschlichen Atemwegen, Pfugers Arch. ges. , Vol. 162, pp.