Despite the increase in trade, India`s trade with its neighbourhood remained roughly between 1.7% and 3.8% of world trade. Between 1988 and 1996, the country`s share of trade doubled as a result of an increase in the volume of trade and the value of trade. This could perhaps be added to economic liberalization in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka in the 1990s. [7] [13] Nilanthi Samaranayake, „China`s engagement with smaller countries in South Asia,“ (Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace, April 2019), www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2019-04/sr_446-chinas_engagement_with_smaller_south_asian_countries.pdf Indonesia-India relations date back to ramayana[156] „Yawadvipa“ (Java) is mentioned in the Indian epic, Ramayana. Sugriva, the head of Ramas` army, sent his men to Yawadvipa, the island of Java, in search of Sita. [157] The Indonesians had absorbed many aspects of Indian culture for nearly two millennia. The most obvious track is the widespread spread of Sanskrit in the Indonesian language. An Indonesian toponymy has a parallel or of Indian origin, such as Madura with the Rivers Mathura, Serayu and Sarayu, Kalingga of the Kingdom of Kalinga and Ngayogyakarta of Ayodhya. Indian Hindu Buddhist kingdoms such as Kalingga, Srivijaya, Medang i Bhumi Mataram, Sunda, Kadiri, Singhasari and Majapahit were the dominant governments in Indonesia and lasted from 200[158] until the 1500s, the last remaining being in Bali. The 9th century temples in Prambanan and Borobudur are an example of deep Hindu-Buddhist influences in Indonesian history. Iraq was one of the few countries in the Middle East with which India began to establish diplomatic relations at the embassy level immediately after its independence in 1947. [355] The two nations signed the Treaty of Peace and Eternal Friendship in 1952 and, in 1954, an agreement for cooperation in cultural affairs.
[355] India was among the first to recognize the Baath Party-led government, and Iraq remained neutral during the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War. However, during the 1971 Indo-Pakistan War in Bangladesh, Iraq, along with other Persian Gulf countries, supported Pakistan against India. [355] Eight years of the Iran-Iraq war have led to a sharp decline in trade and trade between the two nations. [355] Bilateral relations between India and Nicaragua have been limited to the Sisca dialogue and visits by Nicaraguan ministers to India. India has an honorary consul in Nicaragua,[222] at the same time accredited to the Indian Embassy in Panama City and Nicaragua used to maintain an embassy in India, but has been reduced to the Honorary Consul in New Delhi. [223] The current Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Samuel Santos Lepez, visited India in 2008 at the SICA-India foreign ministers` meeting and in 2013[224] for high-level talks with then-Foreign Minister Salman Khurshid, who also extended bilateral trade with the two countries to a total of $60.12 million in 2012/2013. The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the emergence of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) had a considerable impact on India`s foreign policy.
Important trade with the former Soviet Union collapsed after the collapse of the Soviet Union and has not yet recovered. Long-standing military supply relations have also been disrupted due to funding issues, although Russia remains India`s largest supplier of military systems and spare parts. India is a regional part of SAARC and BIMSTEC. India has participated in several UN peacekeeping operations and is the fifth military chief since June 2020. [10] India, along with the other G4 countries, is currently seeking a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. [11] Non-orientation arose from the colonial experience of India and the nonviolent Indian independence movement led by Congress, which left India determined to be the master of its destiny in an international system dominated politically by Cold War alliances and economically by Western capitalism and Soviet communism.